一. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的含義
表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。例如：
I didn’t know if he would come.
我不知道他是否會(huì)來(lái)。
They never knew that population would become a big problem.
他們從來(lái)都不知道人口問(wèn)題將會(huì)成為一個(gè)大問(wèn)題。
She didn’t tell me where she would go.
她沒(méi)有告訴我她要去哪兒。
Betty said she would visit the Great Wall next Saturday.
貝蒂說(shuō)下周六她要去參觀長(zhǎng)城。
二. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)及用法
1.“would+動(dòng)詞原形”常表示主觀意愿的將來(lái)。例如：
He said he would come to see me.
他說(shuō)他要來(lái)看我。
He told me he would go to Beijing.
他告訴我他將去北京。
2.“was/ were+going to+動(dòng)詞原形”常表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將發(fā)生的事。例如：
She said she was going to start off at once.
她說(shuō)她將立即出發(fā)。
I was told that he was going to return home.
有人告訴我他準(zhǔn)備回家。
此結(jié)構(gòu)還可表示根據(jù)某種跡象來(lái)看，很可能或即將發(fā)生的事情。例如：
It seemed as if it was going to rain.
看來(lái)好像要下雨。
3. come， go， leave， arrive， start等瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞可用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)的含義。例如：
He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.
他說(shuō)火車(chē)將于第二天早晨六點(diǎn)離開(kāi)。
She told me she was coming to see me.
她告訴我她要來(lái)看我。
4. 條件狀語(yǔ)從句和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中須用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。例如：
The teacher said that it would be very difficult to make progress if I didn’t work hard.
老師說(shuō)，如果我不努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，就很難取得進(jìn)步。
三. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)典型錯(cuò)誤例析
1. 我們不知道他是否要在會(huì)上發(fā)言。
誤：We didn’t know whether he is going to speak at the meeting.
正：We didn’t know whether he was going to speak at the meeting.
析：該句主句為過(guò)去時(shí)，且賓語(yǔ)從句表示從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，所以從句要用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。
2. 老師問(wèn)湯姆長(zhǎng)大后準(zhǔn)備干什么。
誤：The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he would grow up.
正：The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he grew up.
析：在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示在過(guò)去看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
3. 他們說(shuō)如果下星期天不下雨他們就去農(nóng)場(chǎng)。
誤：They said that they were going to the farm if it would not rain the next Sunday.
正：They said that they were going to the farm if it didn’t rain the next Sunday.
析：在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，也常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示在過(guò)去看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
4. 王林打電話告訴她媽媽?zhuān)I(mǎi)一些書(shū)。
誤：Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she should buy some books.
正：Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she would buy some books.
析：過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)可以由“助動(dòng)詞should/would+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，但should一般只用于第一人稱(chēng)。而would可用于各種人稱(chēng)。
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