來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2023-07-08 21:05:28
一
1.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
表示時(shí)間,引導(dǎo)詞有:when, while, as, till, until before, after, since等。
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞所表示的意思不盡相同,要注意把握不同引導(dǎo)詞所表示的不同時(shí)間關(guān)系,以及它在具體句子中對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)等問(wèn)題。
注意:as(在……時(shí)候,因?yàn)?,since(自從,因?yàn)?,它們可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間從句,并強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動(dòng)作同事發(fā)生。并且while有時(shí)還可以表示對(duì)比。例如:
(1)While my mother was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.(read是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞,read和watch同事發(fā)生)I like playing football while you like playing basketball.
我喜歡踢足球,而你喜歡打籃球。(對(duì)比)
(2)when(當(dāng)……的時(shí)候),引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,也可以是瞬間動(dòng)詞。從句動(dòng)作可與主語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同事發(fā)生,也可在其后發(fā)生。I was reading a book when she came into my room.
(come是瞬間動(dòng)詞,只能用when引導(dǎo),不能用while)I often missed my home when(while) I lived in NewYork.
(live是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,when可用while代替)
(3)when和while的區(qū)別還在于:while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句多用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),而when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句多用于一般時(shí)態(tài)。
While they were talking, the bell rang.
正在他們談話的時(shí)候,上課鈴響了。
(4)as譯作 “一邊……一邊”、“隨著……”,側(cè)重主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。有時(shí)可與when,while通用。We always sing as we walk.
我們總是邊走邊唱。(as表示“一邊……一邊”)As you grow, you will know more and more。
隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng),你會(huì)懂得越來(lái)越多。
2.till或until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
till,until(直到……才):一般情況下兩者可以互換,但是在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中多用until。till不可以在句首,而until可以放在句首。
注意:如果主句中的的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是瞬間動(dòng)詞時(shí),必須用否定形式;如果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí),用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表達(dá)的意思不同。
例如:I didn’t go to bed until(till) my father came back.
直到我父親回來(lái)我才上床睡覺(jué)。(go to bed 是瞬間動(dòng)詞,主句用否定形式)I talked until he came back.
我工作到他回來(lái)為止I didn't work until he came back.
他回來(lái)我這才開(kāi)始工作Please wait until I arrived.
在我到達(dá)之前等我。
3.since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
Since(自從):引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞,也可以是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞。一般情況下,從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí),而主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。但在It is+時(shí)間+since從句的句型中,主句多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
例如:I have been in Beijing since you left.
自從你離開(kāi)以來(lái),我一直在北京。Where have you been since I last saw you?
自上次我和你見(jiàn)面以后,你到哪里去了?It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.
我們老板離開(kāi)北京有五個(gè)月了。
4.由before和after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
注意:(1)before(在……之前):引導(dǎo)的從句不再用否定的謂語(yǔ)。
(2)當(dāng)主句用將來(lái)時(shí),從句總是用現(xiàn)在時(shí);如果before引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)用的是過(guò)去時(shí)。則主句動(dòng)詞多用過(guò)去完成時(shí),這樣以便體現(xiàn)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后。
(3)after(在……之后):表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作之后。如果主句用的是過(guò)去時(shí),則從句多用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
例如:It will be four days before they come back.
他們要過(guò)四天才能回來(lái)
My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.
我父親恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。
After we had finished the work, we went home.
完成工作之后,我們回家了(從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí),主句用一般過(guò)去時(shí))
5.由as soon as ,immediately, directly ,instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute,等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句:這些連詞都表示“一……就”。
例如:I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast.
吃完早飯,我立即到那里去。
The moment I heard the news, I went to the school.
我一聽(tīng)到消息,馬上趕到了學(xué)校。
As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up.
我一到加拿大,就給你來(lái)電話。
注意 hardly(scarcely,rarely)……when,before,no sooner …than相當(dāng)于 as soon as之意。主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí),從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。
當(dāng)hardly,scarcely, rarely和 no sooner位于句首時(shí),主句應(yīng)用倒裝語(yǔ)序。
例如:Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in .
我剛坐下,他就進(jìn)來(lái)了。
二
原因狀語(yǔ)從句表原因,常見(jiàn)的引導(dǎo)詞有:because(因?yàn)?,since(既然),as(既然),for(因?yàn)?
1.becausey引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句一般放于主句之后,because表示直接原因,語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng),回答why引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句必須使用because。
I do it because I like it..——Why didn’t he come yesterday?——Because he had something important to do.注意 “not……because” 結(jié)構(gòu)中的not否定的是because引導(dǎo)的整個(gè)從句
例如:The country is not strong because it is large.
國(guó)強(qiáng)不在大.
2.Since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句一般位于主句之前,表示已知的、顯然的理由。通常被翻譯成“既然”,較為正式,語(yǔ)氣比because弱。
Since you are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics.
既然今天你休息,你最好幫我補(bǔ)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)。
3.as引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)表示附帶說(shuō)明的“雙方已知的原因”,語(yǔ)氣比since弱,較正式,位置較靈活,常放于主句之前。
As it is raining, you’d better take a taxi.
既然在下雨,你最好乘出租汽車。
4. for引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句并不說(shuō)明主句行為發(fā)生的直接原因,只提供一些輔助性的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,for引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句只能放于主句之后并且必須用逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開(kāi)。
He could not have seen me, for I was not there.
他不可能見(jiàn)過(guò)我,因?yàn)槲也辉谀抢铩?/p>
三
引導(dǎo)條件句常用的連詞有if(如果),unless(如果不,除非)等,條件狀語(yǔ)從句和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句一樣,表示將來(lái)要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。
We won’t let you in unless you show your pass.If you fail again this time,what will you do?
(1)if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示將來(lái)時(shí),要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替,主句仍使用一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。
(2)將if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行混淆考查,賓語(yǔ)從句中的if表示“是否”,可以使用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。
四讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
讓步狀語(yǔ)從句表示“雖然,即使,盡管”。引導(dǎo)詞有although,though,even though, even if都表示“雖然,即使,盡管”之意。
主句中不能用but,但可用yet、Though和although語(yǔ)氣較弱(其中的though比although通俗,不如although正式),even if和even though帶有強(qiáng)調(diào)意味而顯得語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng)。
例如:Although they are poor ,they are happy yet.
雖然他們很窮,但很快樂(lè)The article is very important though it is short.
那篇文章雖然很短,但很重要。Even though it was raining, she walked to work.
即使下雨,她也是走著去工作的。I’ll visit him this evening even if I can stay only a few minutes.
今晚我將去拜訪他,即使我只能停留一小會(huì)兒。注意though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的用法比較特殊,它可以倒裝,也可以不倒裝。
五地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句
地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句常由where和wherever引導(dǎo),通常可置于主句之前或之后。
如:We should go where(ver) we are most needed,
我們要去最需要我們的地方。
Where there is a will, there is a way.
有志者,事竟成。
六目的狀語(yǔ)從句
目的狀語(yǔ)從句通常由so that, in order that 引導(dǎo),所引導(dǎo)的從句通常放在主句后面。
目的狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)常含有may (might),can (could),shall ,will 等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。
如:He always takes a seat in the first row so that/in order that he can hear better.= In order that he can hear better, he always takes a seat in the first row.
為了聽(tīng)得更清楚,他總是坐前排的座位。
七結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句
結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句常由so that, so…that, such…that等引導(dǎo),放在主句之后,so…that與such…that句型在一定條件下可轉(zhuǎn)換。
如:He made such an excellent speech that everyone admired him.= He made so excellent a speech that everyone admired him.他的演講如此精彩以至于每個(gè)人都很欽佩他。
注意 so that 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句和目的狀語(yǔ)從句的辨別so that從句之前有個(gè)逗號(hào)的常為結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,因表示某一行為帶來(lái)的結(jié)果,從句中的時(shí)態(tài)常為過(guò)去式;so that從句中有may(might),can(could),should, will等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的通常是目的狀語(yǔ)從句。
如:I wrote as clearly as possible, so that I got high marks.(目的)我盡可能地寫清楚些,這樣可以得高分。
He went to the lecture early so that he could get a good seat.(目的)他很早就去聽(tīng)報(bào)告了,以便可以找到一個(gè)好座位。
He went to the lecture early, so that he got a good seat.(結(jié)果)他很早就去聽(tīng)報(bào)告了,這樣他就找到一個(gè)好座位。
八
1.比較狀語(yǔ)從句常由as…as,not so(as),than引導(dǎo)。比較從句部分常為省略句。如:His brother is as handsome as he (is)/him.
(非正式英語(yǔ)中可用賓格him)他弟弟和他一樣英俊。He swims faster than any other student in his class(does).
他比班上其他任何人都游得快。2.通常把the more…the more…結(jié)構(gòu)也歸為比較從句,意為:“越…越”。如:The harder you work, the greater progress you’ll make.
你越努力學(xué)習(xí),就會(huì)取得越大的進(jìn)步。The less she worried, the better she worked.
她擔(dān)心得越少,就工作得越好。
九方式狀語(yǔ)從句
1.方式狀語(yǔ)從句常由(just)as(像…),as if/though(好像)引導(dǎo),表示動(dòng)作的方式。如:Do exactly as the doctor says.
一定要按照大夫的話去做。He walked slowly as if/though he had hurt his leg.
他慢慢地走著,仿佛是腿受了傷。注:在非正式問(wèn)題中有時(shí)會(huì)用like代替as引導(dǎo)方式從句。
2.as if/though引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句,若描述非事實(shí)情況,常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,若描述的是實(shí)際情況,用陳述語(yǔ)氣。
如:She treats the orphan as if/though he was her own child.
她對(duì)待孤兒就像是她自己的孩子一樣。
(他是孤兒,當(dāng)然就不是她親生孩子,故用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。)It looks as if/though it’s going to rain.
看起來(lái)天像是要下雨了。
(本句用的是陳述語(yǔ)氣,說(shuō)明天真象是要下雨了。)
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