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2023年中考英語(yǔ)沖刺復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn):定語(yǔ)從句

來(lái)源:本站原創(chuàng) 2023-06-07 14:20:56

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  中考網(wǎng)整理了關(guān)于2023年中考英語(yǔ)沖刺復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn),希望對(duì)同學(xué)們有所幫助,僅供參考。
  1.定語(yǔ)從句的功用和結(jié)構(gòu)
 
  在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。被定從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句必須放在先行詞之后。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。例如:
 
  This is the present that he gave me for my birthday
 
  2.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的功用
 
  關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定于從句,在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間起紐帶作用,使二者聯(lián)系起來(lái)。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞又在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。關(guān)系待客做主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),定語(yǔ),關(guān)系副詞可作狀語(yǔ)。
 
 。1)作主語(yǔ):關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)須和先行詞一致。例如:
 
  I don’t like people who talk much but do little.
 
  The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.
 
  (2) 作賓語(yǔ):She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.
 
  The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.
 
 。3) 作定語(yǔ)
 
  關(guān)系代詞whose在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)用。例如:
 
  What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?
 
  The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.
 
  (4 )作狀語(yǔ)
 
  I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.
 
  3. 各個(gè)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的具體用法
 
 。1) who 指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。例如:
 
  The person who broke the window must pay for it.
 
  The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.
 
 。2)whom指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)。例如:
 
  Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate?
 
  Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.
 
  (3) whose 指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)。例如:
 
  The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.
 
  I know the boy whose father is a professor.
 
  (4) which指物,在定語(yǔ)從中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。例如:
 
  A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.
 
  Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.
 
 。5)that多指物,有時(shí)也指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。例如:
 
  I’ve read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.
 
  Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?
 
  (6)when 指時(shí)間,在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。例如:
 
  I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
 
  He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.
 
  (7) where 指地點(diǎn),在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。例如:
 
  This is the house where we lived last year.
 
  The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.
 
  4. 關(guān)系代詞 whom, which 在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),可以和介詞一起放于先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間,有時(shí)為了關(guān)系緊湊也可以將 whom 與 which 與先行詞緊挨著書寫,而將介詞置于定語(yǔ)從句的后面,如:
 
  That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room
 
  which we had lived in for ten years.
 
  5. 具體使用時(shí)還要注意下列問題:
 
  (1) 只能使用that,不用which 的情況:
 
  a.先行詞是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代詞時(shí)。例如:
 
  All that he said is true.
 
  b. 先行詞被only, no, any, all,等詞修飾時(shí)。例如:
 
  He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.
 
  c.先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾的詞。例如:
 
  He was the second (person) that told me the secret.
 
  d.先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾的詞。
 
  This is the best book (that) I have read this year.
 
  e. 先行詞既包括人又包括物時(shí)。例如:
 
  He talked about the people and the things he remembered.
 
  (2)只能用which,不用that 的情況:
 
  a.在非限制性定語(yǔ)從中。例如:
 
  The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.
 
  b. 定語(yǔ)從句由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo),先行詞是物時(shí)。例如:
 
  The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.
 
  考查的主要形式是單項(xiàng)填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。閱讀理解和書面表達(dá)肯定也要用到定語(yǔ)從句。

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