來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2023-01-09 16:34:27
作賓語
1.作動詞的賓語
某些動詞后出現(xiàn)非限定性動詞時只能用動名詞作賓語,不能用不定式。常見的此類動詞有:
admit,appreciate,excuse,stand,advise,allow,permit,avoid,consider,enjoy,finish,give up,cannot help(can't help),imagine,include,keep,understand,keep on,mind,report,risk,miss,put off,delay,practise,resist,suggest,depend on,think about,set about,succeed in,worry about,burst out,insist on,feel like,be used to,get used to,devote…to…,look forward to,pay attention to,get down to,escape 等。如:
They went on walking and never stopped talking.他們繼續(xù)走,說個不停。
I found it pleasant walking along the seashore.在海灘上走真是樂事。
Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations.
每當(dāng)馬克違反交通規(guī)則時,他常常企圖逃避罰款的處分。
有些動詞之后既可接動詞不定式,又可接動名詞,可把這類動詞分為三種類型:兩種形式所表達的含義基本相同,可以互換。這類動詞有:
attempt ,begin,cease,continue,intend,omit,start,cannot bear,decline,disdain,loathe,neglect,commence。例如:
They ceased talking/to talk.他們停止說話。
Prices will continue to rise/rising.物價將繼續(xù)上揚。
What do you intend to do/doing next?你下一步打算干什么?
賓語用不定式和動名詞所表達的含義略有變化。用不定式作賓語時,表示特定的一次性的未來動作;用動名詞則表示一般的行為,或者是目前正在進行的行為。也可以說,動名詞表示泛指的動作,而不定式表示特指的動作。常這樣用的動詞有:hate,like,love,prefer,dread等。
例如:
Would you like to go with me?你想跟我一起走嗎?
He preferred to do this rather than do that.他寧愿做這件事,而不愿做那件事。
2.作介詞的賓語
動詞+介詞+動名詞
例如:The rain prevented us from completing the work.下雨妨礙我們完成工作。
She complains of the book being too difficult.她抱怨這本書太難。
形容詞+介詞+動名詞
例如:I know who is responsible for breaking the window.我知道窗戶是誰打破的。
名詞+介詞+動名詞
例如:There are many ways of doing it.有許多方法可以做這件事。
We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term.我們正考慮為下學(xué)期制定新的計劃。
Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work?我們休息呢還是開始干活?
there be和it is也可變?yōu)閯用~there being 和it being與介詞連用。
例如:The car stoppedbecause of there being no fuel in the tank.
因為油箱里沒有油,所以汽車停了下來。
介詞+動名詞也可在句中作狀語,表示時間、條件等。
例如:On leaving school,he went into business.一離開學(xué)校,他就投身到商業(yè)中去了。
3.作形容詞的賓語
The music is well worth listening to more than once. 這種曲子很值得多聽幾遍。
We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我們正為馬上到來的運動會忙著做準(zhǔn)備。
作表語
動名詞作表語時句子主語常是表示無生命的事物的名詞或what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。表語動名詞與主語通常是對等的關(guān)系,表示主語的內(nèi)容,主語、表語可互換位置。如果句中的主語和表語同為動詞時,要注意保持兩個動詞在形式上的一致。
例:
Your task is cleaning the windows.你的任務(wù)就是擦窗戶。(Cleaning the windows is your task.)
What I hate most is being laughed at.我最痛恨的就是被別人嘲笑。(Being laughed at is what I hate most.)
The most popular pastime is playing chess.最大眾化的消遣是下棋(The most popular pastime is to play chess.)
The only thing that interests her is working.她唯一感興趣的事就是工作.
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