it 在句中作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)的替代用法
1、it作形式主語(yǔ)可以代替句中的動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)詞-ing分詞或一個(gè)句子。
It is important for us to learn English well.(it替代不定式 to learn English)
It is no use making such an apology to us Chinese.( It 替代動(dòng)詞-ing分詞 making such an apology)
It is happy for her parents that she is well now.(it 替代句子that she is well now)
2、it作形式賓語(yǔ)可以代替句中的動(dòng)詞不定式，此時(shí)句中的謂語(yǔ)事由某些特殊動(dòng)詞(如： find\think\feel等)充當(dāng)?shù)摹?/p>
I find it impossible to finish so much work in such a short time. (it 替代不定式to finish so much work)
that \ this在句中的替代用法
1、 that
A： I‘m going to wear my new jeans to her party.
B： You can‘t do that.(that替代to wear my new jeans to her party這一事情)
2、this
this 在介紹某人或某物時(shí)，指的是靠近自己的一方。
A： Hi， Mr Smith， This is my friend ，Bill.
B： Nice to meet you，Bill.
C： Nice to meet you， Mr Smith.
This 在電話用語(yǔ)中指的是自己。
A： Hello， may I speak to Miss Li?
B： This is Miss Li speaking.(我就是李女士。)
which、 that 、who、 whom在定語(yǔ)從句中的替代用法
1、 which 在句中放指物的先行詞后或整個(gè)句子后，引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句或非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。
She said I was lazy， which isn‘t true.( which替代句子 She said I was lazy)
This is the pen which was bought by my father. (which替代的是 the pen)
2、that在句中放先行詞后，引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句。既可指物，也可指人。
The book that she borrowed from the library was lost.( that替代的是 The book)
The man that with a knife in his hand is a murderer. (that替代的是 The man )
3、who、whom(whom在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ))在句中放指人的先行詞后，引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句。
She was the girl who \ whom I just talked to.( who \ whom替代的是 the girl 且作to 的賓語(yǔ))
One的替代作用
one 為避免重復(fù)而替代前文所提及的可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)，且該中心名詞可以用one 或a、an修飾表示“一”;若替代前文提及的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，則用ones.
There are many books on the shelf， which one do you like best? (此處的one 替代的是book)
There are many pens in my hand， and the blue ones are mine. (此處的ones 替代的是 pens)
量詞的替代用法
當(dāng)前文有某些可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)(如pants、jeans、shorts、glasses等)時(shí)，如果這些名詞前面沒有a pair of 或 a suit of修飾時(shí)，則不能用one 來替代上述這些詞，因?yàn)檫@些詞前面不能用基數(shù)詞直接修飾(我們不能說2 pants或5 clothes或 one shorts)， 而是用可以修飾它們的量詞短語(yǔ)中的量詞來替代。
The pants are too small for me， Can you show me another pair? (因?yàn)閍nother后面只能跟單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，故而這里用pair代替，意為a pair of pants)
如果沒有another時(shí)，則可用ones替代。
The red pants are too small for me. Can you show me the blue ones. (此處ones替代的是pants)
同樣，當(dāng)遇上不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，也要用相應(yīng)的一些量詞來代替one 的概念，或用相應(yīng)的量詞復(fù)數(shù)來代替ones的概念。
The paper is too small for the little girl to paint on，please give her another piece.(因?yàn)橛衋 piece of paper)
I‘m so hungry that this slice of chicken isn’t enough. Could you give me 3 more slices?(代替的是3 more slices of chicken.)
更多例句(請(qǐng)注意下面兩句的細(xì)微差別)
1)A： Look ! There are many bottles of milk on the desk……
B： Yes，and which one do you like best? (此處用one的原因是A句中已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)bottles of milk， 所以可以代替one bottle of milk)
2)A： There is much milk on the desk.
B： Yes， but which bottle \ bag do you like best? (此處A句中心詞為milk，因?yàn)閙ilk 前面不能用one 來直接修飾，而只能用bottle或bag 來代表數(shù)量，可以說a bottle of milk \a bag of milk)
某些名詞所有格也可以作替代詞
如：
1)A： Where is Jeanie?
B： Oh，she is at Mary‘s.(這里的Mary’s代替的是Mary‘s house)
2) Yesterday Tom‘s father was ill， now he is at the doctor’s.( 這里的doctor‘s代替的是doctor’s room 或doctor‘s clinic)
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