來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2022-10-18 08:55:38
過(guò)去完成時(shí)的判斷依據(jù)
1. 由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)判定
一般說(shuō)來(lái),各種時(shí)態(tài)都有特定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有:
(1)by + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn),例如:
I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
到昨天晚上九點(diǎn)鐘為止,我已經(jīng)讀完了這本小說(shuō)。
(2)by the end of + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn),例如:
We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
到上學(xué)期末為止,我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了兩千多單詞。
(3)before + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn),例如:
They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
在上周三之前,他們已經(jīng)植了六百棵樹。
2. 由“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”來(lái)判定
過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”,是指在過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作,即動(dòng)作有先后關(guān)系,動(dòng)作在前的用過(guò)去完成時(shí),在后的用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在:
(1)賓語(yǔ)從句中
當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí),且從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí),從句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。例如:
She said that she had seen the film before.
她說(shuō)她之前看過(guò)這部電影。
(2)狀語(yǔ)從句中
在時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式等狀語(yǔ)從句中,主、從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系,動(dòng)作在前的,要用過(guò)去完成時(shí),動(dòng)作在后的要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如:
When I got to the station, the train had already left.
當(dāng)我到達(dá)車站的時(shí)候,火車已經(jīng)離開了。
注意:before, after 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中,由于 before 和 after 本身已表達(dá)了動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系,若主、從句表示的動(dòng)作緊密相連,則主、從句都用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如:
Where did you study before you came here?
在你來(lái)這里之前,你在哪里學(xué)習(xí)?
After he closed the door, he left the classroom.
他關(guān)上門后,離開了教室。
(3)表示意向的動(dòng)詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示"原本…,未能…",例如:
We had thought that you would come, but you didn't.
我原認(rèn)為你會(huì)來(lái)的,但是你沒有。
3. 根據(jù)上、下文來(lái)判定
I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.
昨天我在街上遇到了王濤。自從他去了北京我們一直還沒有見過(guò)彼此。
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