來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2022-08-22 20:30:19
⒈表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作以前完成了的動(dòng)作,可以用by,before等介詞短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句(在復(fù)合句中,由時(shí)間連接詞引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句叫做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)來(lái)表示,也可以用一個(gè)表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作來(lái)表示,還可能通過(guò)上下文來(lái)表示。
例如:
By nine o'clock last night,we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.
到昨天晚上 9 點(diǎn)鐘,我們已經(jīng)收到 200 張飛船發(fā)來(lái)的圖片。
⒉ 表示由過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始,一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),常和 for,since構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
例如:
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
我在車站已經(jīng)等了 20 分鐘,一輛公共汽車終于來(lái)了。
⒊ 敘述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情,在已敘述了過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情后,反過(guò)來(lái)追述或補(bǔ)充以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí),常使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
例如:
Mr.Smith died yesterday.He had been a good friend of mine.
史密斯先生昨天就去世了。他以前是我的好朋友。
⒋ 在含有定語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句中,如果敘述的是過(guò)去的事,先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
例如:
I returned the book that I had borrowed.
我已歸還了我借的書。
She found the key that she had lost.
她發(fā)現(xiàn)她失去了的鑰匙。
⒌ 過(guò)去完成時(shí)常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句(或間接引語(yǔ))中,這時(shí)從句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句表示的過(guò)去的動(dòng)作之前。
例如:
He said that he had known her well.
他說(shuō)他早就很了解她了。
⒍ 狀語(yǔ)從句:在過(guò)去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中,“發(fā)生在過(guò)去的過(guò)去”,用過(guò)去完成時(shí);發(fā)生在后,用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
例如:
When I woke up,it had already stopped raining.
我醒來(lái)時(shí)雨已停了。
注意:如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著發(fā)生,則常常不用過(guò)去完成時(shí),特別是在包含 before 和 after的復(fù)合句中,因?yàn)檫@時(shí)從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序已經(jīng)非常明確,這時(shí)可以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
例如:
After he arrived in England,Marx worked hard to improve his English.
馬克思到達(dá)英格蘭之后,努力提高他的英語(yǔ)水平。
⒎ 動(dòng)詞 think,want,hope,mean,plan,intend 等用過(guò)去完成時(shí)來(lái)表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法,希望,打算或意圖等。
例如:
They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.
他們本來(lái)打算去幫忙,但沒(méi)有及時(shí)趕到那里。
We had hoped to be able to come and see you.
我們本來(lái)希望能來(lái)看看你。
⒏ 過(guò)去完成時(shí)還可用在 hardly when…,no sooner than…,It was the firsttime…等固定句型中。
例如:
Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.
他剛開(kāi)始演講,聽(tīng)眾就打斷了他。
It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.
這是他那一年第三次失業(yè)了。
⒐過(guò)去完成時(shí)可以與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)before,when,after,by,until,once,had no sooner …than,yet,already等連用。
例如:
Mr.Smith died yesterday.He had been a good friend of mine.
史密斯先生昨天去世了。他是我的好朋友。
After he arrived in England,Marx worked hard to improve his English.
馬克思到英國(guó)后,他努力提高他的英語(yǔ)水平。
I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night
到昨晚 9 點(diǎn)鐘,我已經(jīng)讀完這本小說(shuō)。
02語(yǔ)法區(qū)別
⒈ 與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,以 now 的時(shí)間為基點(diǎn),但側(cè)重對(duì) now 產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響;過(guò)去完成時(shí)則是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài),以過(guò)去時(shí)間為基點(diǎn),它所表示的動(dòng)作不僅發(fā)生在過(guò)去,更強(qiáng)調(diào)“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”,只有和過(guò)去某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí),才用到它。
比較:
I have learned 1000 English words so far.
到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了 1000 個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。
I had learned 1000 English words till then.
到那時(shí)為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了 1000 個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。
⒉ 與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別
①時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不同:過(guò)去完成時(shí)在時(shí)間上強(qiáng)調(diào)“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”;而一般過(guò)去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去某一特定的時(shí)間。
例如:
They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.
② 過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去,不單獨(dú)使用,一般和一般過(guò)去式一起使用。
③ 當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上接連發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用 and 或 but 連接時(shí),按時(shí)間順序,只需用一般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí);另外,在 before,after,as soon as 引導(dǎo)的從句中,由于這些連詞本身已經(jīng)表示出時(shí)間的先后,因此也可以用過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
例如:
He entered the room,turned on the light and read an evening paper.
03語(yǔ)法判定
⒈ 由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)判定
一般說(shuō)來(lái),各種時(shí)態(tài)都有特定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有:
① by+過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。
例如:
I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
② by the end of+過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。
例如:
We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
③ before+過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。
例如:
They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
⒉ 由“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”來(lái)判定
過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”,是指過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作,即動(dòng)作有先后關(guān)系,動(dòng)作在前的用過(guò)去完成時(shí),在后的用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在:
① 賓語(yǔ)從句中
當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí),且從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí),從句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。在 told,said,knew,heard,thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。
例如:
She said that she had seen the film before.
② 狀語(yǔ)從句中
在時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式等狀語(yǔ)從句中,主、從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系,動(dòng)作在前的,要用過(guò)去完成時(shí),動(dòng)作在后的要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
例如:
After he had finished his homework,he went to bed.
注意:before,after 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中,由于before和after本身已表達(dá)了動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系,若主、從句表示的動(dòng)作緊密相連,則主、從句都用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
例如:
After he closed the door,he left the classroom.
表示意向的動(dòng)詞,如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等,用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示”原本……,未能……”
例如:
We had hoped that you would come,but you didn't.
⒊ 根據(jù)上、下文來(lái)判定
例如:
I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday.We hadn't seen each other since he went toBeijing.
① 表示在將來(lái)某一時(shí)間之前已完成的動(dòng)作,并往往對(duì)將來(lái)某一時(shí)間產(chǎn)生影響。
例如:
We shall(will)have learned 12 units by the end of this term.
到這個(gè)學(xué)期末,我們將學(xué)完 12 個(gè)單元。
By the time you get home,I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.
你到家之前我將把房子徹底打掃一遍。
② 表示推測(cè),相當(dāng)于"must have done"結(jié)構(gòu)。
例如:
You will have heard of this,I guess.
我猜你已經(jīng)聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)這件事了。
I am sure that he will have got the information.
我相信他一定會(huì)得到這個(gè)信息。
③ 表示某種狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到說(shuō)話人所提及的時(shí)間。
例如:
We will have been married a year on June 25th.
到 6 月 25 日我們倆結(jié)婚就滿 1年了。
04過(guò)去完成時(shí)的表達(dá)意
⒈ 表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作,并且還將持續(xù)下去。
例如:
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
中國(guó)有 2000 年的造紙歷史。(動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去)
I have been learning English since three years ago.
自從三年前以來(lái)我一直在學(xué)英語(yǔ)。(動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去)
I have been studying for English since 10 years ago.
自從十年前以來(lái)我一直在學(xué)英語(yǔ)。(動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去)
⒉ 表示在說(shuō)話時(shí)刻之前到現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
例如:
We have been waiting for you for half an hour.
我們已經(jīng)等你半個(gè)鐘頭了(人還沒(méi)到,如同在電話里說(shuō)的,還會(huì)繼續(xù)等)
⒊ 有些現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子等同于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子。
例如:
They have been living in this city for ten years.
They have lived in this city for ten years.
他們?cè)谶@個(gè)城市已經(jīng)住了 10 年了。(動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去)
⒋ 大多數(shù)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子不等同于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子。
例如:
I have been writing a book.
(動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去)我一直在寫一本書。
I have written a book.
(動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成)我已經(jīng)寫了一本書。
They have been building a bridge.
他們一直在造一座橋。(動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去)
They have built a bridge.
他們?cè)炝艘蛔鶚颉?動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成)
⒌ 表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
例如:
I have known him for years.
我認(rèn)識(shí)他已經(jīng)好幾年了。
*I have been knowing……這類不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞還有:love 愛(ài),like 喜歡,hate 討厭,think 想等等。
⒍ 一些現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子也與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子含義相同延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)中使用,句意相同。
例如:
She has slept for 6 hours and still can not wake up.
She has been sleeping for 6 hours and still cannot wake up.
她已經(jīng)睡了 6 個(gè)小時(shí),到現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)有醒來(lái)。
⒎表示現(xiàn)在以前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的未完成性
例如:
It has been raining for 3 days.
已經(jīng)下了 3 天的雨了(現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)停止)
05過(guò)去完成時(shí)的基本句型
肯定式:第一人稱+have been doing sth.
疑問(wèn)式:Have第一人稱+been doing sth?
簡(jiǎn)略回答:Yes,第一人稱+have./No,第一人稱+haven't.
肯定式:第三人稱+has been doing sth.
疑問(wèn)式:Has+第三人稱+been doing sth?
簡(jiǎn)略回答:Yes,第三人稱+has./No,第三人稱+hasn't.
⒈表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作以前完成了的動(dòng)作,可以用by,before等介詞短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句(在復(fù)合句中,由時(shí)間連接詞引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句叫做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)來(lái)表示,也可以用一個(gè)表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作來(lái)表示,還可能通過(guò)上下文來(lái)表示。
例如:
By nine o'clock last night,we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.
到昨天晚上 9 點(diǎn)鐘,我們已經(jīng)收到 200 張飛船發(fā)來(lái)的圖片。
⒉ 表示由過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始,一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),常和 for,since構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
例如:
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
我在車站已經(jīng)等了 20 分鐘,一輛公共汽車終于來(lái)了。
⒊ 敘述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情,在已敘述了過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情后,反過(guò)來(lái)追述或補(bǔ)充以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí),常使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
例如:
Mr.Smith died yesterday.He had been a good friend of mine.
史密斯先生昨天就去世了。他以前是我的好朋友。
⒋ 在含有定語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句中,如果敘述的是過(guò)去的事,先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
例如:
I returned the book that I had borrowed.
我已歸還了我借的書。
She found the key that she had lost.
她發(fā)現(xiàn)她失去了的鑰匙。
⒌ 過(guò)去完成時(shí)常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句(或間接引語(yǔ))中,這時(shí)從句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句表示的過(guò)去的動(dòng)作之前。
例如:
He said that he had known her well.
他說(shuō)他早就很了解她了。
⒍ 狀語(yǔ)從句:在過(guò)去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中,“發(fā)生在過(guò)去的過(guò)去”,用過(guò)去完成時(shí);發(fā)生在后,用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
例如:
When I woke up,it had already stopped raining.
我醒來(lái)時(shí)雨已停了。
注意:如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著發(fā)生,則常常不用過(guò)去完成時(shí),特別是在包含 before 和 after的復(fù)合句中,因?yàn)檫@時(shí)從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序已經(jīng)非常明確,這時(shí)可以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
例如:
After he arrived in England,Marx worked hard to improve his English.
馬克思到達(dá)英格蘭之后,努力提高他的英語(yǔ)水平。
⒎ 動(dòng)詞 think,want,hope,mean,plan,intend 等用過(guò)去完成時(shí)來(lái)表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法,希望,打算或意圖等。
例如:
They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.
他們本來(lái)打算去幫忙,但沒(méi)有及時(shí)趕到那里。
We had hoped to be able to come and see you.
我們本來(lái)希望能來(lái)看看你。
⒏ 過(guò)去完成時(shí)還可用在 hardly when…,no sooner than…,It was the firsttime…等固定句型中。
例如:
Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.
他剛開(kāi)始演講,聽(tīng)眾就打斷了他。
It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.
這是他那一年第三次失業(yè)了。
⒐過(guò)去完成時(shí)可以與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)before,when,after,by,until,once,had no sooner …than,yet,already等連用。
例如:
Mr.Smith died yesterday.He had been a good friend of mine.
史密斯先生昨天去世了。他是我的好朋友。
After he arrived in England,Marx worked hard to improve his English.
馬克思到英國(guó)后,他努力提高他的英語(yǔ)水平。
I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night
到昨晚 9 點(diǎn)鐘,我已經(jīng)讀完這本小說(shuō)。
02語(yǔ)法區(qū)別
⒈ 與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,以 now 的時(shí)間為基點(diǎn),但側(cè)重對(duì) now 產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響;過(guò)去完成時(shí)則是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài),以過(guò)去時(shí)間為基點(diǎn),它所表示的動(dòng)作不僅發(fā)生在過(guò)去,更強(qiáng)調(diào)“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”,只有和過(guò)去某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí),才用到它。
比較:
I have learned 1000 English words so far.
到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了 1000 個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。
I had learned 1000 English words till then.
到那時(shí)為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了 1000 個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。
⒉ 與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別
①時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不同:過(guò)去完成時(shí)在時(shí)間上強(qiáng)調(diào)“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”;而一般過(guò)去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去某一特定的時(shí)間。
例如:
They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.
② 過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去,不單獨(dú)使用,一般和一般過(guò)去式一起使用。
③ 當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上接連發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用 and 或 but 連接時(shí),按時(shí)間順序,只需用一般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí);另外,在 before,after,as soon as 引導(dǎo)的從句中,由于這些連詞本身已經(jīng)表示出時(shí)間的先后,因此也可以用過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
例如:
He entered the room,turned on the light and read an evening paper.
03語(yǔ)法判定
⒈ 由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)判定
一般說(shuō)來(lái),各種時(shí)態(tài)都有特定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有:
① by+過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。
例如:
I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
② by the end of+過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。
例如:
We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
③ before+過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。
例如:
They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
⒉ 由“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”來(lái)判定
過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”,是指過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作,即動(dòng)作有先后關(guān)系,動(dòng)作在前的用過(guò)去完成時(shí),在后的用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在:
① 賓語(yǔ)從句中
當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí),且從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí),從句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。在 told,said,knew,heard,thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。
例如:
She said that she had seen the film before.
② 狀語(yǔ)從句中
在時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式等狀語(yǔ)從句中,主、從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系,動(dòng)作在前的,要用過(guò)去完成時(shí),動(dòng)作在后的要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
例如:
After he had finished his homework,he went to bed.
注意:before,after 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中,由于before和after本身已表達(dá)了動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系,若主、從句表示的動(dòng)作緊密相連,則主、從句都用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
例如:
After he closed the door,he left the classroom.
表示意向的動(dòng)詞,如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等,用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示”原本……,未能……”
例如:
We had hoped that you would come,but you didn't.
⒊ 根據(jù)上、下文來(lái)判定
例如:
I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday.We hadn't seen each other since he went toBeijing.
① 表示在將來(lái)某一時(shí)間之前已完成的動(dòng)作,并往往對(duì)將來(lái)某一時(shí)間產(chǎn)生影響。
例如:
We shall(will)have learned 12 units by the end of this term.
到這個(gè)學(xué)期末,我們將學(xué)完 12 個(gè)單元。
By the time you get home,I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.
你到家之前我將把房子徹底打掃一遍。
② 表示推測(cè),相當(dāng)于"must have done"結(jié)構(gòu)。
例如:
You will have heard of this,I guess.
我猜你已經(jīng)聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)這件事了。
I am sure that he will have got the information.
我相信他一定會(huì)得到這個(gè)信息。
③ 表示某種狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到說(shuō)話人所提及的時(shí)間。
例如:
We will have been married a year on June 25th.
到 6 月 25 日我們倆結(jié)婚就滿 1年了。
04過(guò)去完成時(shí)的表達(dá)意
⒈ 表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作,并且還將持續(xù)下去。
例如:
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
中國(guó)有 2000 年的造紙歷史。(動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去)
I have been learning English since three years ago.
自從三年前以來(lái)我一直在學(xué)英語(yǔ)。(動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去)
I have been studying for English since 10 years ago.
自從十年前以來(lái)我一直在學(xué)英語(yǔ)。(動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去)
⒉ 表示在說(shuō)話時(shí)刻之前到現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
例如:
We have been waiting for you for half an hour.
我們已經(jīng)等你半個(gè)鐘頭了(人還沒(méi)到,如同在電話里說(shuō)的,還會(huì)繼續(xù)等)
⒊ 有些現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子等同于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子。
例如:
They have been living in this city for ten years.
They have lived in this city for ten years.
他們?cè)谶@個(gè)城市已經(jīng)住了 10 年了。(動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去)
⒋ 大多數(shù)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子不等同于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子。
例如:
I have been writing a book.
(動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去)我一直在寫一本書。
I have written a book.
(動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成)我已經(jīng)寫了一本書。
They have been building a bridge.
他們一直在造一座橋。(動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去)
They have built a bridge.
他們?cè)炝艘蛔鶚颉?動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成)
⒌ 表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
例如:
I have known him for years.
我認(rèn)識(shí)他已經(jīng)好幾年了。
*I have been knowing……這類不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞還有:love 愛(ài),like 喜歡,hate 討厭,think 想等等。
⒍ 一些現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子也與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子含義相同延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)中使用,句意相同。
例如:
She has slept for 6 hours and still can not wake up.
She has been sleeping for 6 hours and still cannot wake up.
她已經(jīng)睡了 6 個(gè)小時(shí),到現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)有醒來(lái)。
⒎表示現(xiàn)在以前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的未完成性
例如:
It has been raining for 3 days.
已經(jīng)下了 3 天的雨了(現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)停止)
05過(guò)去完成時(shí)的基本句型
肯定式:第一人稱+have been doing sth.
疑問(wèn)式:Have第一人稱+been doing sth?
簡(jiǎn)略回答:Yes,第一人稱+have./No,第一人稱+haven't.
肯定式:第三人稱+has been doing sth.
疑問(wèn)式:Has+第三人稱+been doing sth?
簡(jiǎn)略回答:Yes,第三人稱+has./No,第三人稱+hasn't.
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