來(lái)源:中考網(wǎng) 作者:紫涵 2013-02-05 16:51:30
使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)“六注意”
一要注意被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的不同時(shí)態(tài)
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“be+過(guò)去分詞”,其中的助動(dòng)詞 be 根據(jù)情況可使用各種不同時(shí)態(tài)。如:
She is respected by everyone. 她受到大家的尊重。(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))
The book will be reprinted soon. 這本書(shū)很快會(huì)重印。(一般將來(lái)時(shí))
The road is being repaired. 路正在修整。(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))
They have been given a warning. 他們受到警告。(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))
二要注意帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
該結(jié)構(gòu)的基本形式為“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be(或be的適當(dāng)形式)+過(guò)去分詞”。這類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)非常有可能作為語(yǔ)境題出現(xiàn)在考卷中。如:
The rules must be obeyed. 這些規(guī)章制度必須遵守。
They shouldn’t have been told about it. 這事是不應(yīng)當(dāng)告訴他們的。
三要注意非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
1. 不定式一般式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。由“to be+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。如:
She asked to be given some work to do. 她要求給她一些工作做。
He was the last person to be asked to speak. 他是最后被邀請(qǐng)發(fā)言的人。
2. 不定式完成式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。由“to have been+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。如:
I should like to have been told the result earlier. 我本想讓人把結(jié)果早點(diǎn)告訴我的。
3. 現(xiàn)在分詞一般式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。由“being+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。如:
I saw him being taken away. 我看見(jiàn)有人把他帶走了。
Being protected by a wall, he felt quite safe. 有墻作保護(hù),他感到很安全。
4. 現(xiàn)在分詞完成式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。由“having been+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。如:
Having been invited to speak, I’ll start making preparations tomorrow. 因?yàn)檠?qǐng)我去講話,我明天就得做準(zhǔn)備。
The subject having been opened,he had to go on with it. 話題已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了,他不得不談下去。
5. 動(dòng)名詞一般式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。由“being+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。如:
She likes being looked at. 她喜歡被人瞧。
He hates being made a fool of. 他討厭被別人愚弄。
This question is far from being settled. 這個(gè)問(wèn)題遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)解決。
6. 動(dòng)名詞完成式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。由“having been+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。如:
Jenny’s not having been trained as a dancer is her one regret. 杰妮沒(méi)受過(guò)舞蹈的專(zhuān)業(yè)訓(xùn)練是她感到遺憾的事。
After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. 在接到把車(chē)開(kāi)出城的指令后,我開(kāi)始信心十足了。
注:過(guò)去分詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)式,因?yàn)樗旧砜梢员硎颈粍?dòng)意義。如:
The door remained locked. 門(mén)仍然鎖著。
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