來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò) 作者:匿名 2009-10-26 15:18:05
17 將來(lái)完成時(shí)
1) 構(gòu)成will have done
2) 概念
a. 狀態(tài)完成:表示某事繼續(xù)到將來(lái)某一時(shí)為止一直有的狀態(tài)。例如:
They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那時(shí)他們結(jié)婚將有二十年了。
b. 動(dòng)作完成:表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)或另一個(gè)將來(lái)的動(dòng)作之前,已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或獲得的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。例如:
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此時(shí),你已經(jīng)到達(dá)上海了。
11.18 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法:
a. 表示現(xiàn)在(指說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話時(shí))正在發(fā)生的事情。例如: We are waiting for you. 我們正在等你。
b. 習(xí)慣進(jìn)行:表示長(zhǎng)期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作,說(shuō)話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。例如:
Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在寫另一部小說(shuō)。(說(shuō)話時(shí)并未在寫,只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。)
c. 表示漸變,這樣的動(dòng)詞有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如:
The leaves are turning red. 葉子在變紅。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越來(lái)越熱了。
d. 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用,表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài),往往帶有說(shuō)話人的主觀色彩。例如:
You are always changing your mind. 你老是改變主意。
典型例題
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
答案D. 前句是一個(gè)仍在持續(xù)的狀態(tài),應(yīng)用進(jìn)行時(shí),由于沒(méi)有找到,其影響仍然存在,應(yīng)用完成時(shí),瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否定式時(shí)可用于完成時(shí)。
11.19 不用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞
1)表示事實(shí)狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞,如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include,
contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如:I have two brothers. 我有兩兄弟。
This house belongs to my sister. 這房子是我姐的。
2)表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞,如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如:I need your help. 我需要你的幫助。
He loves her very much. 他愛(ài)她很深。
3)瞬間動(dòng)詞,如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如:
I accept your advice. 我接受你的勸告。
4)系動(dòng)詞,如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如:
You seem a little tired. 你看上去有點(diǎn)累。
11.20 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
1)概念:表示過(guò)去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作。
2)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景;一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作延續(xù)的時(shí)候,另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。
3) 常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如:
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟騎車時(shí)摔了下來(lái),受了傷。
It was raining when they left the station. 他們離開車站時(shí),正下著雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到達(dá)山頂時(shí),陽(yáng)光燦爛。
典型例題
1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
答案C.
割傷手指是已發(fā)生的事情,應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)。同時(shí),when表時(shí)間的同時(shí)性,"瑪麗在做衣服時(shí)"提供事情發(fā)生的背景,因此用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
A. read;was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read;fell
答案B.句中的as = when, while,意為"當(dāng)……之時(shí)"。描述一件事發(fā)生的背景時(shí),用過(guò)去進(jìn)行;一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候,另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。句意為 "在她看報(bào)紙時(shí),奶奶睡著了。"句中的 fell(fall的過(guò)去時(shí)),是系動(dòng)詞,后跟形容詞,如:fall sick。
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