初中英語語法總結(jié)（二）

　　58.部分用in的短語：in English, in a good way, in a hurry,

　　in pen / ink (見105), in the day(見92),   in different sizes,

　　in different shapes, in a difficult situation， in good health,  

　　in a red coat / in red(見46), in style, in the open air(露天場所)

　　59.比較級與最高級部分要點(diǎn)：1不規(guī)則形式或易錯形式：

　　much/many→more→most     bad/badly/ill→worse→worst

　　far→farther/further→farthest/furthest     little→less→least

　　few→fewer→fewest     old→older/elder→oldest/eldest

　　以ly結(jié)尾的形容詞常把-ly換成-lier/-liest.

　　2常見比較級/最高級句型：He runs faster than me. (有than)

　　He did better than any other student in the school. (參照48)

　　Tom is the cleverest boy in his class. (某個范圍內(nèi))

　　He is the taller of the two (boys). (兩者，此句型中加the)

　　He is the tallest of the three (boys). (三者)

　　Which is better, tea or milk? (兩者選擇)

　　Which is the best, tea, milk or water? (三者選擇)

　　It’s the second longest river in China. （序數(shù)詞后用最高級。）

　　3“越來越…”比較級+and +比較級

　　He cried harder and harder. She is getting taller and taller.

　　類似：bigger and bigger / happier and happier / fatter and fatter

　　/ stronger and stronger / richer and richer / worse and worse…

　　另一種情況：more and more beautiful / slowly / carefully /…

　　4“越…, 越…”“the+比較級”分別置于兩句的開頭，倒裝。

　　The more difficult English is, the harder you should study.

　　The younger we are, the more energy we have.

　　The more you eat, the fatter you will get.

　　5“越來越多的…”more and more +名詞

　　More and more people are getting richer and richer.

　　We need more and more desks / paper / trees / water ….

　　6“…得多”much + 形容詞/副詞比較級

　　This room is much bigger than that one.

　　類似：much taller/fatter/younger/heavier/faster/earlier/better…

　　以及：much more careful/difficult/tiring/similar/mysterious…

　　7“另外的…(個) …”結(jié)構(gòu)：數(shù)量+ more + 名詞

　　one more towel, three more suits, many more tiles,

　　much more truth, some more meat, a lot more wood,

　　a little more experience, once more = one more time = again.

　　這種結(jié)構(gòu)有時也可用another + 數(shù)字 + 名詞替代：

　　five more trees = another five trees (記住詞的位置)

　　60.talk, tell, say, speak: 1talk只作不及物動詞。

　　Don’t talk in class.   Shall we talk about our English study?

　　He is talking with his teacher.   May I talk to you?

　　(talk with/to sb     talk about sth)

　　2tell只作及物動詞,“告訴；講”。常接雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　Mr. Li told us an interesting story.   Who told you the news?

　　3say必須接有內(nèi)容。Please say it in English. He said nothing.

　　“I disagree with you.” said Tom. What will you say?

　　say 若接sb, 則需先加to: I must say sorry to you.

　　“I overslept this morning.” he said to me.

　　4speak“說話”不及物動詞。He spoke too fast for me to follow.

　　接人時先加介詞to.    May I speak to Mr. Smith?  

　　可表說話的能力。The baby can speak now.

　　There is something wrong with his throat, he can’t speak.

　　“演講，發(fā)言”Who will speak in the meeting?

　　“說”可作及物 動詞。

　　61。sometimes/some times/sometime/some time:

　　sometimes: “有時”=at times. He is imes late for school.

　　some times: “幾次”I have been to Nanjing some times.

　　sometime: “某一時刻”I bought it sometime last spring.

　　We’ll meet again sometime next week.

　　some time: “一段時間”We have to stay here for some time.

　　62.need 的用法：1need可當(dāng)情態(tài)動詞（和can等用法類似，但need只用于疑問句或否定句中）：Need I go now? (need 在一般疑問句的開頭)   I needn’t tell you the answer. (否定句中直接在need后加not)   【當(dāng)情態(tài)動詞時，need無時態(tài)變化。】

　　2need 可當(dāng)行為動詞（和want 等用法類似）：

　　He needs a bike. (后可直接加名詞)

　　I need to go over my lessons. (后接帶to不定式)

　　Do you need to have a rest? （一般疑問句中do, does, did在句首）

　　We don’t need to wait for her coming. (否定句中do,does,did提前)

　　【注：need 后接表被動的內(nèi)容時，可表達(dá)為：

　　The TV needs to be repaired. = The TV needs repairing.】

　　63.do with 與deal with: 都譯為“處理，對付，安排，應(yīng)付”

　　What have you done with the milk? 用what提問。

　　How shall we deal with this problem?   用how提問。

　　下面兩句由此而來：Could you tell me what to do with the milk?

　　Could you tell me how to deal with this problem?

　　64.就近原則：常見的有：Either you or Lucyis wrong.

　　There is a dog and two cats in the yard. (there be句型)

　　Not only you but (also) Iam strict in the work.

　　Neither you nor Lucy has seen the film before.

　　65.主謂一致：One/Neither of you is right.   （單數(shù)謂語）

　　Tom, with his friends, has gone. (主語是Tom, 單數(shù)謂語)

　　This pair of shoes looks beautiful. （主語是pair, 單數(shù)謂語）

　　The shoes look beautiful.   （主語無pair, 復(fù)數(shù)謂語）

　　Every boy and every girl has a chance to do it. （單數(shù)謂語）

　　The old need to be looked after carefully. The young are energetic.

　　(the 加形容詞表一類人，謂語用復(fù)數(shù))

　　Mr. and Mrs Green are from America. 指格林夫婦 (復(fù)數(shù)謂語)

　　The teacher and writer is an able man.指教師兼作家, 一個人，單數(shù)謂語。

　　Both you and I are excited about the news.   （復(fù)數(shù)謂語）

　　the number of與a number of參見39.    （分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)見50）

　　66.quite/such/really用法之一：如果出現(xiàn)不定冠詞時，常放在后面。

　　It’s quite an easy question.   He is quite a clever boy.

　　It’s such an important lesson.(另見33)   Lily is really a lazy girl.

　　67.部分用what 提問的句型：

　　What size do you want? What will you do with the problem?

　　What’s the population of China? What day is it today?

　　What’s the date today?   What’s the price of this one?

　　68.there be部分用法：1There is only a student taking notes now.

　　There is no need to open the box. There are 20 trees to be planted.

　　2常有以下結(jié)構(gòu): there may/will/must/is going to/used to/…be. …

　　3there be中不可再出現(xiàn)have/has/had(有)的詞。另一用法見45。

　　69.常見表否定的詞或短語:no, not, hardly, few, little, neither, nor, nothing, nobody, none, nowhere等.

　　有些有時在某些句型中也相當(dāng)于否定，如without, too…to…

　　without anything,    too tired to go any further

　　但前綴如dis--, un--, in--或后綴如--less,并不表否定。

　　70.常見后接動詞原形的詞或短語: why not / had better / please /would you please / let / make / 情態(tài)動詞，等等。

　　【注意否定形式：had better/ would you please/ let直接加not + 動原；而please加don’t+動原】

　　71.常見后接動詞ing的詞或短語：finish /enjoy /practice /give up /

　　end up /put off /consider /keep /feel like /prefer…to…/can’t help /

　　be busy /be worth /take turns /miss(錯過) /spend /have fun /介詞等。

　　72.常見后接帶to不定式的詞或短語：want /hope /wish /allow /encourage /ask /tell /pretend /decide /plan/invite /urge/ advise/warn/ seem /in order (為了) /疑問詞，等等。 另外，it作形式主語，后也常有帶to不定式。 【否定：以上大多詞 + not + to do sth】

　　73.被動語態(tài)(be +v.過去分詞)用法：I did it. →It was done.

　　雙賓:He told us a story.→We were told a story.→A story was told to us. She passed me a pen.→I was passed a pen.→A pen was passed to me.     情態(tài)動詞:We can make a plan. →A plan can be made.

　　進(jìn)行時態(tài):Tom is writing a letter.→A letter is being written by Tom.

　　完成時態(tài)：I have finished the work. →The work has been finished.

　　74.名詞或所屬格作定語：1強(qiáng)調(diào)性別時a man doctor / two men doctors ；   a woman teacher / six women teachers    被修飾詞是單數(shù)時，性別也用單數(shù)；被修飾詞是復(fù)數(shù)時，性別也用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　2a girl actor / four girl actors a boy player / two boy players

　　a bus station / some bus stations 復(fù)數(shù)只變被修飾的詞。

　　3a boys’ team / a gentlemen’s holiday / the Teachers’ Day /

　　the Children’s Day “復(fù)數(shù) + ’s ”作定語，譯為“…的…”

　　4Father’s Day / Mother’s Day 此處“單數(shù) + ’s ”作定語。

　�。ǜ剑篴nd連接的名詞所屬格：Lucy’s and Ann’s fathers are workers. 分別是兩個人的爸爸，所以應(yīng)分別加“’s”

　　Lucy and Ann’s father is very interesting. 兩個人共有的爸爸，所以在兩人后只加一個“’s”。）

　　75.win與beat區(qū)別：win后加物：I’m sure Jim will win the match. We won the first place in the sports meeting.

　　而beat后加的是人：I’m afraid they will beat us.

　　I hope we can beat the boys’ team. (男子隊(duì)，相當(dāng)于人。)

　　76.it/that/one的部分用法：1it 指上文的某個事物，和上文是同一個。This book is very useful. I will take good care of it.

　　it也可指上文所說的事：My son has lost himself in the computer games. I’m worried about it. 2that與上文所說是同一類，但不是同一個，常指不可數(shù)名詞。The food in China is quite different from that in America.   The weather of Hainan is better than that of Gansu. that也可指上文所說的事：A: I had an accident and broke my legs. B: I’m sorry to hear that. 3one 指代上文所說的某類可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，但不是同一個物。This sweater is too expensive, do you have another one?(也指毛衣，但不是上文那個)

　　77.at/by the end of, in the end 的區(qū)別：

　　1at the end of +時間點(diǎn)或地點(diǎn)，“在…的盡頭，在…的末尾”

　　They will have a sports meeting at the end of March. (加時間)

　　He put some books at the end of the bed. (加地點(diǎn))

　　2by the end of +時間點(diǎn)，“截止到…末”

　　若接過去的時間點(diǎn)，常用過去完成時：They had planted six thousand trees by the end of last month. 若接將來的時間，常用一般將來時：We shall finish the work by the end of next month.

　　3in the end “最后”，后不加of 短語：They wanted to find a place to rest in, in the end, they saw a village.

　　78.have gone to/have been to/have been in: 1have gone to+地點(diǎn)“已去了…（還未回來）”-I can’t find those children, where are they?

　　-They have gone to the farm. (去了農(nóng)場，不在這兒)

　　2have been to+地點(diǎn)“去過…（原來去過，現(xiàn)在已回）”句尾常接次數(shù)或多個地點(diǎn)或before，或句中常有ever, never等。

　　She has been to Qingdao three times. I have been to two big cities.

　　Have you been to Dalian before? I have never/ever been to Dalian.

　　I have never been there before. (此短語省略了to)

　　3have been in+地點(diǎn)，“已在…（多久了）”句尾常接for+時間段，或since +時間點(diǎn)/一般過去時的句子。

　　Peter has been in China for a long time.

　　I’ve been here for 2 hours/since 2 hours ago. (此短語省略了in)

　　79.all/whole用法：all (of) the land / all (of) the class / all (of) the students…【all 在定冠詞the 前】 the whole school / the whole country / the whole area…【whole 在定冠詞the 后】

　　80.a bit / a little區(qū)別：都可作副詞，后直接加形容詞和副詞。

　　I’m a bit / a little hungry.   She feels a bit / a little tired.

　　也可作代詞或形容詞，后接名詞時有所不同：

　　I have only a little drink. She ate a little bread and went out.

　　(a little 直接加名詞) 而下文：I have only a bit of drink.

　　She ate a bit of bread and went out. (a bit 先加of再加名詞)

　　81.“擅長”與“不擅長”; “對…有利”與“對…有害”：

　　“擅長”：be good at / do well in

　　“不擅長”：be bad in / be poor in / be weak in / do badly in

　　“對…有利”：be good for    “對…有害”：be bad for

　　82. 表數(shù)量的詞和短語的部分用法：1none / all / some / most / plenty of / a lot of (lots of) 后既可接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，也可接不可數(shù)名詞。2many / (a) few / a number of / several只接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。3much / (a) little / a bit of只接不可數(shù)名詞。

　　83.易用錯的副詞：1really可修飾動詞、副詞和形容詞，常在它們前面。I really love reading. I really miss you. (修飾動詞)

　　Tom speaks really quickly. 湯姆說得非�？�。（修飾副詞）

　　It’s really kind of you. 你真好。 (修飾形容詞)

　　2very much常修飾動詞want, miss, hate, love, like, dislike, enjoy, take after(長得像…), move(使…感動), excite(使…激動)等等。常在句尾。Jack wants to go there very much. 杰克很想去那兒。

　　I hate reciting the words very much. 我很討厭背單詞。

　　He enjoyed the film very much. 他很喜歡這部電影。

　　He takes after his mother very much. 他長得很像他媽媽。

　　(very much 不可修飾形容詞和副詞：I’m happy very much.     He is lucky very much.都是錯誤的。)

　　3very修飾形容詞和副詞，放在它們前面：

　　She is very kind.   I am very happy.   Peter speaks very slowly.

　　(very不可修飾動詞：I very like English. He very misses you.等類似結(jié)構(gòu)都是錯誤的。)

　　84.常用于現(xiàn)在完成時的詞或短語：for（后加時間段，句中謂語用延續(xù)性動詞）；since（后加時間點(diǎn)或一般過去時的句子，主句謂語用延續(xù)性動詞）；How long（對時間段或for與since引導(dǎo)的內(nèi)容提問，句中謂語也用延續(xù)性動詞）in/all one’s life（在某人一生）；in/during the past/last+時間段 (在最近的…時間內(nèi)) ；so far（到目前為止）；yet（用于句尾，用在疑問句或否定句中）；already (用于句中或句尾，用在肯定的陳述句中) ；ever；never；just；before(單獨(dú)用在句子末尾，常用此時態(tài)。但若時間段加before, 常用過去完成時) 以及recently等.

　　85.形容詞與副詞區(qū)別：1形容詞修飾名詞，作定語（劃線部分）：

　　She is a kind girl.   What bad weather!   I bought a new bike.

　　形容詞可在系動詞后，作表語(劃線部分)：

　　The girl is kind.    His face turned red.   It tastes sweet.

　　2副詞(劃線部分)修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞，也可修飾整個句子。

　　He ran quickly. Please speak loudly. Tim lives alone. 修飾動詞

　　She is very angry. He felt too tired. I’m so lucky. 修飾形容詞

　　He got up quite early. She did it very well. 修飾副詞

　　Unluckily, I failed the English exam. 修飾整個句子

　　86.everyday與every day: everyday是形容詞，后接名詞，“日常的”。He is practicing everyday English.   every day是副詞，作時間狀語，“每天”。We speak English every day.

　　87.everyone與every one: 1everyone“每個人；大家；所有人”，只指人。后不接of短語。Everyone is here except Tom.

　　2every one“每一個”既可指人，也可指物。后要接of短語。Every one of us has a dictionary.   Every one of the trees is tall.

　　88.none與no one: 1no one“沒有一人”只指人,后不接of短語。

　　No one has been to Beihai Park. No one told us about it.

　　(以上因后面無of短語，故不用none)

　　2none“沒有人；沒有任何東西”既可指人，也可指物；既可指可數(shù)名詞，也可指不可數(shù)名詞。后常接of短語。

　　None of the children has/have been to Beihai Park.

　�。ù颂幹溉�。因后有of短語，故不用no one）

　　A: How many elephants did you see there?    B: None.

　�。▽υ捴衝one單獨(dú)用，指物，不用no one.）

　　89.乘交通工具之表達(dá):1by bike/ car/ sea(ship)/ air(plane) (無冠詞)

　　2on a horseback /his bike /the plane /a ship   (有冠詞或限定詞)

　　3in his/a car (car前用in) 4on foot   5動詞短語: ride a bike /a horse; drive a car;   walk;   take a plane/ taxi/ bus; fly

　　90.kind of 與kinds of:

　　1kind of 單獨(dú)用，表示“有點(diǎn)”，后接形容詞或副詞：

　　He is kind of thin.”他有點(diǎn)瘦”   I feel kind of hungry.”我有點(diǎn)餓”

　　Uncle Wang speaks kind of quickly. 王叔叔說得有點(diǎn)快。

　　2若kind of前有a, this, that等，譯為“一種，這種，那種” 后加名詞。

　　That kind of question is difficult to answer. 那類問題難回答。

　　3熟記一些短語：all kinds of...“各種各樣的...”many kinds of“很多種類的”different kinds of“不同種類的” 后加名詞。 動詞，后接語言。Do you speak English?

　　91.rain / snow / wind的常見修飾詞：a strong wind“一陣強(qiáng)風(fēng)”

　　a heavy rain“一場大雨”heavy snow“大雪”（以上是名詞短語）

　　blow hard“猛烈地吹”snow heavily“下大雪”rain hard/heavily“下大雨”（以上是動詞短語）

　　92.day的部分用法：1on Teachers’ Day表節(jié)日或周幾前用“on”.

　　2in the day / daytime“在白天”前加“in”。 3in eight days“八天后”用“in”。 4(in) those / these days“在過去 / 現(xiàn)在”

　　5today, next/last/this/that/every/all day等前面常不加介詞。

　　同樣，on Sunday/Monday/.../Saturday介詞用的是on（有時可省略）, 若有next/last/this/that/every等時不再加on.

　　93.個別名詞的部分用法：1family“家庭；家庭成員”指整體時，表示單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；指成員時，表示復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式：His family is going to move. My family is large.

　�。ㄒ陨现刚�體，謂語用單數(shù)）

　　My familyare very well.我全家人很健康。（指成員，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)）一般不再區(qū)分謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。類似的還有：staff(職員)，class, team, public(公眾)，government等.

　　2有些名詞只表復(fù)數(shù)，謂語只用復(fù)數(shù)。如people, police, cattle等：The police are searching for a man with a big nose.

　　The cattle are eating grass in the field.

　　3deer, fish，sheep等詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式相同：

　　a deer(一只鹿)/ two deer(兩只鹿) a fish(一條魚)/ two fish(兩條魚)

　　a sheep(一只羊) / some sheep(一些羊)

　　另外fish若表示種類時，復(fù)數(shù)要在后加es: two fishes(兩種魚)

　　4有些名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)有特殊形式：

　　man→men; woman→women; foot→feet; tooth→teeth;

　　mouse→mice;   child→children;   ox→oxen (公牛)

　　5有些名詞通常只有復(fù)數(shù)形式：

　　scissors (剪刀)   clothes(衣服)   trousers (褲子) glasses(眼鏡)

　　6有些名詞只是不可數(shù)名詞： It’s such great fun. What fun!

　　What good news! I won’t do anything in such bad weather.

　　Can you tell me some information? I like music which is popular.

　　類似：a piece of chalk much knowledge learn a little English等

　　94.leave的用法：1leave可指“離開”leave Zhengzhou離開鄭州

　　leave Zhengzhou for Wuhan離開鄭州到武漢

　　leave for Wuhan動身到武漢   (for后接目的地，而不是出發(fā)地)

　　2leave留下；忘記 I left my backpack at home.

　　leave后接地點(diǎn)，而forget后無地點(diǎn)。Sorry, I forgot the money.

　　95. ill與sick的區(qū)別：1都可譯為“生病的”。ill只在系動詞后作表語： Her mother was ill in bed. 但sick既可作表語（在美語中），也可作定語：Her mother was sick in bed.    Jane is taking care of her sick mother. (此處是定語，不可用ill, 見下文ill用法)

　　2若ill作定語，譯為“壞的，惡劣的”an ill person一個壞人

　　sick作表語時也常譯為“惡心的，想吐的“

　　The boy always feels sick when he travels by car.

　　96.return用法：1“返回”，相當(dāng)于“go back / get back / come back.. 如：Ann will visit you when he returns to London.

　　（當(dāng)“返回”時是不及物動詞，先加to才可再加地點(diǎn)。另外，return已含有back的意思，后不可再跟back.）

　　2“歸還”，相當(dāng)于“give back”如：I have returned the dictionary.

　�。ó�(dāng)“歸還”時是及物動詞，后直接加物，若再接人時方可加to. 同樣不可再跟back.   如：You should return the piano to Dick on time.）

　　97.favourite 與own的類似結(jié)構(gòu): 形容詞性物主代詞 + favorite +名詞（某人最喜歡的...）或者 + own + 名詞(某人自己的...)

　　如：My favorite animal is dog.     He found hisown bike.

　　98.stop / start(begin) / forget(remember) / like/go on等動詞：

　　1stop doing sth. 停止正在做的某事。stop to do sth. 停下來做某事（stop后是將要做的事）He was tired, so he stopped working.

　　He was tired, so he stopped to have a rest. 要注意有時兩種形式會同時出現(xiàn)：He was tired, so he stopped working to have a rest.

　　2start/begin doing/to do 含義基本相同，但以下情況下start/begin后只接to do: ★若start / begin 已用進(jìn)行時態(tài)時：He is just beginning / starting to write the letter. ★主語是物而不是人時：The ice began / started to melt.   ★其后的動詞與想法、感情有關(guān)時：He began / started to understand it.

　　3forget/remember to do sth. 忘記/想起將要做的事。

　　forget / remember doing sth. 忘記/想起已經(jīng)做過的事。

　　4like doing sth. (因愛好而喜歡，表示一種習(xí)慣)

　　Jack likes sleeping in the class.

　　(在班睡覺雖不是好事，杰克卻有這個愛好。有睡覺的習(xí)慣。)

　　like to do sth(認(rèn)為明智或正確而喜歡)

　　She likes to help others. （助人是一件正確的事，所以喜歡。）

　　I don’t like to play in the street. (在大街上玩不明智，故不喜歡)

　　有時區(qū)別不明顯，接兩形式都可。He likes watching / to watch TV.

　　5go on doing sth.繼續(xù)做某事（上文所做的事）go on to do sth接下來做另一件事（不是上文所做之事） 

　　99.普通代詞形式：

　　主格    賓格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞反身代詞

　　(作主語)(作賓語) (后要再接名詞) (后不再接名詞) (主賓一致)

　　I       me    my pen/house...       mine        myself

　　you(你) you    your bag/car...        yours       yourself

　　he      him   his desk/coat...         his        himself

　　she     her    her hair/books...       hers        herself

　　it       it     its tail/face...           its         itself

　　we       us    our teacher/room...     ours       ourselves

　　you(你們) you   your class/hometown... yours      yourselves

　　they     them   their school/fathers...   theirs      themselves

　　100.基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞：基數(shù)詞表示人或物的數(shù)量。序數(shù)詞表示人或物的次序。注意以下幾種形式：one→first two→second

　　three→third   five→fifth eight→eighth nine→ninth   twelve→twelfth twenty→twentieth thirty等類推

　　另外，“四十”forty; 無字母u. “第九”ninth無字母e.

　　101.room /space /place: 1room“房間”（可數(shù)）a room/ two rooms

　　“空間”（不可數(shù)）：指可以容納東西或?yàn)槠渌�目的而使用的空間。

　　Could you make room for me? 你能為我讓一下空間嗎？

　　Is there room for me in the car? 車?yán)镉形业奈蛔訂幔?/p>

　　2space“空間”普通用語，表示萬物存在之處，與“時間”（time）為相對概念。in the dark space在黑暗的宇宙空間（太空）

　　time and space時間和空間

　　Is there any space for me in the car? (此處和room的含義相當(dāng))

　　3place“地方”（可數(shù)），指某一具體地點(diǎn)。

　　I want to live in a place which is warm in winter.

　　Mount Chaya is a wonderful place. 嵖岈山是一個奇妙之地。

　　102.常見國籍、人與語言的對應(yīng)：

　　1China“中國”Chinese（無復(fù)數(shù)形式）“中國人（的）/中文（的）/中國的” a Chinese/ two Chinese“一個/兩個中國人”

　　Japan, Japanese 和此類似。

　　2England“英國（原義：英格蘭）” (= Britain)

　　English（無復(fù)數(shù)形式）“英國人（的）/英語（的）/英國的”

　　He is English.(前無冠詞)= He is an Englishman.(前有冠詞)“他是英國人”

　　注意復(fù)數(shù)：They are English. = They are Englishmen. (變?yōu)閙en)

　　3France“法國” French(無復(fù)數(shù)形式)“法國人(的) / 法語(的) / 法國的”

　　The lady is French. (前無冠詞)= The lady is a Frenchwoman.(前有冠詞)

　　注意復(fù)數(shù)：The ladies are French. = The ladies are Frenchwomen.

　　4Germany“德國”German“德國人(的) / 德語(的) / 德國的”

　　The boy is a German. (前有冠詞)    The boys are Germans.(復(fù)數(shù)加s.）

　　5America“美國” American“美國人（的）/ 美國的”

　　He is American.(前常無冠詞）They are Americans.(復(fù)數(shù)加s)

　　103.易寫錯詞形:◆noise(名詞)“噪音”; noisy(形容詞); noisily(副詞) ◆health(名詞)“健康”; healthy(形容詞); healthily(副詞)

　　◆luck(名詞)“運(yùn)氣”; lucky(形容詞)“幸運(yùn)的”; luckily(副詞)

　　◆succeed(動詞)“成功”; success(名詞); successful(形容詞) successfully(副詞)   ◆save(動詞)“救，節(jié)省，存”; safe(形容詞)“安全的”; safety(名詞)“安全，安全場所”safely（副詞 ）◆true（形容詞）“真的，對的”; truly(副詞)“真正地”; truth(名詞)“真理,事實(shí)”◆terrible(形容詞)“難受的，可怕的”; terribly(副詞)

　　104. job與work:1job, 可數(shù)：I have a job as a teacher.

　　Jobs are not easy to get.   He wants a job.    2work, 不可數(shù)

　　I cannot find work in this town.   Have you finished your work?

　　105.with和in表示“用”：1with用工具：write with a pen /a pencil/

　　a piece of chalk 2in用寫字材料：write in ink / pen (前無冠詞)

　　106.時刻之表達(dá)：1分鐘未過半點(diǎn)，如7:20→seven twenty→twenty

　　past seven: 2:02→two oh two→two past two   2分鐘已過半點(diǎn)，如5:45→five forty-five→a quarter to six→fifteen to six   1:58→one fifty-eight→two to two   3剛好半點(diǎn)，如9:30→nine thirty→half past nine    4剛好整點(diǎn)，如11:00→eleven o’clock

　　107.be + 形 + of sb 與 for sb的區(qū)別：1It’s kind of you to help me.

　　解釋：kind, nice, good, clever, foolish，lazy等詞表示的是人的特點(diǎn)或性格。此句相當(dāng)于在說You are kind to help me. 此情況下介詞用的是of. 2It’s easy for you to do the work. 解釋：easy，difficult, necessary, important, dangerous, interesting等詞如果在句中不反映人的特點(diǎn)或性格，如此句中并不是在說You are easy. 而是“做

　　這項(xiàng)工作”這件事是容易的。此情況下介詞用的是for. 又如：It’s dangerous for us to climb the mountain. “爬山”是危險的，不是說“我們”是“危險”的。for sb 是“就某人來說”之意。

　　108. take, bring, fetch與carry: 都譯為“拿”�！魌ake“拿走”，從說話人處帶到另一處 ◆bring“帶來”，從另一處帶到說話人處�！鬴etch“去拿來”，先到另一地拿東西，然后再返回到說話人處�！鬰arry“拿、搬、扛”，沒有特定方向性。

　　109. 條件與祈使: 有時條件句可以與祈使句有相同的意思。注意以下句子結(jié)構(gòu)有何不同。

　　If you work hard, you will achieve your dream. 相當(dāng)于:   Work hard, and you will achieve…

　　If you don’t listen to me carefully, you won’t understand it. 相當(dāng)于：Listen to me carefully, or you won’t understand it.

　　110. in / on / at + 時間：1in three days (“…時間后”，常用于一般將來時)     in September

　　in 1998;    in the 1860s(在十九世紀(jì)六十年代)

　　in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ night

　　2on Christmas Eve;   on October 1st;

　　on Sunday evenings;   on a cold morning;

　　on Fridays;    on New Year’s Day;

　　on the morning / afternoon / evening / night of September 10th. (morning / afternoon / evening / night若是early / late 修飾時，仍用介詞in)

　　3at 6:00;   at Christmas;   at noon;   at night

　　112. one day與someday/some day的區(qū)別：

　　1one day“某一天，有一天”既可用于一般過去時，也可用于一般將來時。One day, a stranger came to my house.    I will achieve my dream one day.   2someday/some day“某一天”常用于一般將來時�？梢院蚾ne day互換。I’m sure I can go to the Great Wall someday.

　　113. missing與lost: 都可譯為“丟失的，失蹤的”

　　但用的分別是動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞形式。My pen is lost / missing. (表語) 

　　I’ve found the missing / lost book. （定語）

　　114.常見部分名詞及其修飾詞：1price(價格)常用high 與low修飾。     sell sth at a high / low price 以高 / 低價出售 The price of the shoes is high / low.   2number(數(shù)量)常用big / large和small修飾   3quality(質(zhì)量，品質(zhì))常用low / poor和high / good修飾。 4population(人口)常用big / large和small修飾  

　　(以上詞都不用many, much修飾。)
 

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